In this paper, the flexural performance of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) with an optimised spirally deformed steel fibre developed by the authors is evaluated experimentally. For comparison purposes, concrete specimens with commercially available steel fibres (hooked-end and crimped) are tested and included in the study. The experiment parameters include two different matrices with 28-day compressive strengths of 35 MPa and 45 MPa and four fibre volume contents (0.2%, 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.65%). Besides, specimens with plain concrete are also tested as reference. Findings of the research indicate that the spirally deformed steel fibre considerably enhances flexural characteristics of concrete compared with existing fibres on the market (hooked-end and crimped) where the deflection-hardening response (even at the presence of wide cracks) can also be achieved even with low fibre dosages common in practice. Therefore, such a composite, i.e. concrete reinforced with spirally deformed steel fibre, can be deemed as a structural material.

In order to determine of physical characteristics of rice straw as an effective source of fiber in ruminants, alfalfa hay, four varieties of rice straw (Taroum Neda, Taroum Neamat, Taroum Sangi, and Asgari), and four rations that contained four varieties of rice straws were investigated. The chemical (dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) and crude protein (CP)), and physical characteristics (bulk density, water holding capacity (WHC), and soluble and insoluble DM and ash of samples, kinetics of hydration and change in functional specific gravity (FSG) and feed particle size, physically effective factor (pef)) of forages and total mixed ration (TMR) were determined. Except on ether extract and ash content, the DM, OM, NDF, NFC, and CP content of four rice straw and rations were similar but there was different among alfalfa and rice straws. The rice straws had a bulk density lesser than alfalfa. However, TMR had a similar bulk density, WHC, hydration rate, insoluble DM and ash and greater than alfalfa hay. Alfalfa had lesser WHC than rice straws and there were not different in straws. The soluble DM and FSG of rice straws were similar and lesser than those of alfalfa hay. The TMR had similar physical characteristics. Alfalfa hay had greater FSG than rice straw at all incubation times. Four rice straws and four rations were similar in in degradable NDF (iNDF) and total tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD). Results showed that regardless the system, rice straws were similar in physically effectiveness and physically more effective than alfalfa because of having greater NDF and iNDF content, geometric mean and pef than al-falfa.

The seasonal effect (Spring and Summer versus Autumn and Winter) on wool characteristics of Baluchi ewes were studied. The 58 female sheep 1-3 ages from Abas Abad station in East-North of Iran were selected for two years. Twice wool samples were collected from midside in Spring and Autumn. The traits studied were fleece weight at birth, 1, 2 and 3 years age - staple length at shoulder, flank and rump parts - fiber length (Hauteur and Barbe) - mean fiber diameter and coefficient of varstion - tenacity and breaking force. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement and general liner model (GLM) using SAS software package. The result indicated that fleece weight was significantly affect by age and were 1.98±0.061, 1.15±0.03 and 2.12±0.07Kg for lamb, yearling and two years old respectively (p<0.001). At three years old fleece shorn in spring was significantly higher (2.23±0.08 kg) than that yearling (1.78±0.04kg) and two years old (1.63±0.07kg). Spring and Autumn staple lengths of shoulder, flank and rump parts were significantly different and were effected by age (p<0.001). Staple length at rump was longer than shoulder and flank. However the shoulder, flank and rump staple length in yearling Autumn wool (5±0.17, 5.14±0.17and 5.7±0.17cm), 2nd Spring wool (8.02±0.17, 6.9±0.18 and 8.76±0.18cm), 2nd Autumn wool (4.7±0.17,4.8±0.18 and 5.6±0.17cm) and 3rd Spring wool were (9.8±0.18, 8.9±0.17 and 9.8±0.18cm) res. (p<0.001). Spring and Autumn wool fiber length that measured by Hauteur and Barbe system were significantly (p<0.0001) different for ages. In yearling sheep, Autumn wool fiber diameter (32.2±0.3mu) was coarser than in spring wool at two and three age old (26.8±0.3 and 26.8±0.3mu) res. And also from autumn wool at two years age (24.5±0.3 mu). But of course coefficient of varision of mean fiber diameter in Autumn was significant (p<0.0001) from Spring wool. Tenasity force of wool in Spring at three ages (5.6±0.2gf/ tex) was significantly different from Spring and Autumn wool at second age (4.4±0.2, 2.01±0.25 gf/tex) and Autumn yearling wool (3.6±0.4gf/tex). Also it was significantly different between above mentioned charectertics for breaking load 4.8±0.2Kg fversus 3.8±0.2, 2.8±0.2 and 2.25±0.2Kgf. Res (p<0.0001).

The seasonal effect (Spring and Summer versus Autumn and Winter) on wool characteristics of Baluchi ewes were studied. The 58 female sheep 1-3 ages from Abas Abad station in East-North of Iran were selected for two years. Twice wool samples were collected from midside in Spring and Autumn. The traits studied were fleece weight at birth, 1, 2 and 3 years age - staple length at shoulder, flank and rump parts - fiber length (Hauteur and Barbe) - mean fiber diameter and coefficient of varstion - tenacity and breaking force. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement and general liner model (GLM) using SAS software package. The result indicated that fleece weight was significantly affect by age and were 1.98±0.061, 1.15±0.03 and 2.12±0.07Kg for lamb, yearling and two years old respectively (p<0.001). At three years old fleece shorn in spring was significantly higher (2.23±0.08 kg) than that yearling (1.78±0.04kg) and two years old (1.63±0.07kg). Spring and Autumn staple lengths of shoulder, flank and rump parts were significantly different and were effected by age (p<0.001). Staple length at rump was longer than shoulder and flank. However the shoulder, flank and rump staple length in yearling Autumn wool (5±0.17, 5.14±0.17and 5.7±0.17cm), 2nd Spring wool (8.02±0.17, 6.9±0.18 and 8.76±0.18cm), 2nd Autumn wool (4.7±0.17,4.8±0.18 and 5.6±0.17cm) and 3rd Spring wool were (9.8±0.18, 8.9±0.17 and 9.8±0.18cm) res. (p<0.001). Spring and Autumn wool fiber length that measured by Hauteur and Barbe system were significantly (p<0.0001) different for ages. In yearling sheep, Autumn wool fiber diameter (32.2±0.3mu) was coarser than in spring wool at two and three age old (26.8±0.3 and 26.8±0.3mu) res. And also from autumn wool at two years age (24.5±0.3 mu). But of course coefficient of varision of mean fiber diameter in Autumn was significant (p<0.0001) from Spring wool. Tenasity force of wool in Spring at three ages (5.6±0.2gf/ tex) was significantly different from Spring and Autumn wool at second age (4.4±0.2, 2.01±0.25 gf/tex) and Autumn yearling wool (3.6±0.4gf/tex). Also it was significantly different between above mentioned charectertics for breaking load 4.8±0.2Kg fversus 3.8±0.2, 2.8±0.2 and 2.25±0.2Kgf. Res (p<0.0001).

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of generative learning teaching based to pattern cognitive Load on the memorization math of 7th grade students of in the academic year of 2021- 2022. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with four groups: two control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 7th grade male and female students of District 2 of Mashhad city that 112 person sample was selected by single stage cluster sampling method. The subjects in the experimental group involved in generative learning based to cognitive Load in 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. The research instrument consisted of a 20-questions researcher-made test. To analyze the obtained data, Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that generative learning teaching based to approach cognitive Load have a positive and significant effect on 7th grade students' memorization math. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that one of the effective training on math memorization students is the use of generative learning on the based load cognitive pattern.

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) have appeared as the most suitable materials for shipbuilding, aeronautical and aerospace applications due to their superior mechanical properties over traditional materials. In this paper, degradation in flexural and impact properties of glass fibre/epoxy composite (GF/E composite) and stainless steel glass fibre/epoxy fibre metal laminate (SS FML) due to hygrothermal conditioning has been investigated for marine applications. Hand lay-up process was used for specimen preparation according to ASTM standards. Distilled water and seawater were used for hygrothermal conditioning at 40° C and 70° C for three months. The three point bend test was performed on universal testing machine using a three point bend fixture. The pendulum type impact testing machine was used to perform Izod impact test. Due to the preventive action of outer stainless steel layers against moisture ingestion, the reduction in mechanical properties of SS FML was less as compared to GF/E composite. SS FML and GF/E composite exhibited low moisture absorption rate in seawater at both temperatures as high salt content in seawater reduces the moisture diffusion process into the composite matrix.

Basalt fibre (BF)/acrylonitrile–, butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with various BF contents and orientations were prepared, and the curing, physical and mechanical properties and wear performance under block-on-ring abrasion conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the curing time was not obviously affected by the BFs. The addition of BFs increased the hardness but had negative influence on the tensile/tear strength of the NBR composites, especially when the BFs were oriented perpendicular to the tensile/tear direction with a high content, which should be due to the weak connection between the BFs and the rubber matrix. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the composites decreased significantly when BFs were added, whereas the content (3–, 30 phr) and the orientation of the fibres did not mainly affect the COF. Both parallel-and perpendicular-oriented BFs were effective at improving the wear resistance of the composites, and the former showed a better effect. With the BF content increase, the wear rate initially decreased and then remained basically stable. The COF and wear rate of the composites decreased by 27% and 35% when 12 phr BFs were added in a parallel direction. The excessive BFs, especially the perpendicularly-oriented BFs, led to fracture of the worn surface due to the abrasive grain wear caused by the crushed fibres.